More taxes, additional deductions but no impact on investments

There were huge expectations from the first full-fledged budget of National Democratic Alliance after coming to power last year.  In this post, we shall review the measures proposed in the budget which shall have impact on individual tax payers and their investments.

Major revenue booster

One of the measures having significant impact on the revenue collection is additional surcharge of 2% over and above existing 10% surcharge for individuals having taxable income of more than Rs. 1 crore.  This additional surcharge is in response of abolition of wealth tax.  While the abolition of wealth tax was a long pending demand, 2% additional surcharge shall more than compensate any loss to the exchequer on account of wealth tax abolition.  To quantify, wealth tax generated revenues of Rs. 844 crores in FY 2012-13, whereas 2% additional surcharge on all taxpayers (including domestic companies) is estimated to generate Rs. 9,000 crores to the government.

Effective rate for service tax has been increased from 12.36% to 14%.  There is also an enabling provision in the budget to allow Government to levy additional surcharge of 2% to achieve Swachh Bharat objectives.  Excise duties are ‘rationalized’ by increasing it moderately from 12.36% to 12.5%.  These changes in service tax and excise duties shall make almost all the things under the sun dearer.

Surcharge on dividend distribution tax on dividend received from debt funds has been increased from 10% to 12%.  Thus the effective DDT rates for retail investors in debt funds shall marginally increased to 28.84% from existing 28.352%.  

Correcting loopholes

Another measure which has missed the limelight of the media is TDS on deposits with banks. Currently Rs. 10,000 threshold for determining whether TDS is to be deducted was applied on each branch of the bank.  Thus if an individual had fixed deposits in two branches of the same bank earning total interest of more than Rs. 10,000, however the interest earned in each of the individual branch was less than Rs. 10,000, TDS was not required to be deducted.  This loophole has been rectified.  Now, the threshold interest amount shall be determined at bank level instead of branch level.  This is applicable for all banks following core banking solutions (who doesn’t nowadays?) and is effective from 1^st June 2015.

Increased and new deductions

These primarily relates to health related expenditures and can be best explained by way of following table:

Expenditure incurred on	Self and Family (spouse and dependent children)	Parent
A.      Medical premium	Rs. 25,000	Rs. 25,000 (if Senior citizen – aged 60  years and above, then Rs. 30,000)
B.      Medical Expenditure in case of very senior citizen (aged 80 years and above) provided such citizen is not covered under any medical insurance plan	Rs. 30,000	Rs. 30,000
C.      Total Deduction under A and B capped at	Rs. 30,000	Rs. 30,000

Further limits for few other deductions is increased.  Now individuals can claim deductions to the extent of Rs. 40,000 for certain chronic diseases such as cancer, aids, etc.  In case such expenditure is for senior citizen (self or dependent relative), the deduction is Rs. 60,000 and for very senior citizen, it shall be Rs. 80,000.

One important hidden change is deleting the requirement for providing certificate in prescribed form from the specialist doctor working in Government hospital to claim this deduction.  Now a prescription from a specialist doctor for medical treatment shall be sufficient document to claim this deduction.  This shall certainly lessen the hardship for individuals.

Deductions with respect to medical expenditure for persons with disability has been increased from Rs. 50,000 to Rs. 75,000 and persons with severe disability has been increased from Rs. 1,00,000 to Rs. 1,25,000.

Deduction on account of payment made to LIC or other insurers for annuity plan has been enhanced from existing Rs. 1,00,000 to Rs. 1,50,000.  However this is within the overall limit of Rs. 1,50,000 and may not benefit individuals if they are exhausting their limits by other means such as insurance premium, PPF deposits, etc.

Additional deduction of Rs. 50,000 over and above existing deduction of Rs. 1,00,000 is proposed for contributions made by an individual to a notified pension scheme.  This is aimed at to boost NPS as well as encourage additional investments for retirement benefits.

Further the recently introduced Sukanya Samriddhi Account Scheme by Prime Minister Narendra Modi got a boost by including any investments into that scheme eligible for deduction under Section 80C within the overall limits of Rs. 1,50,000.  Further any interest accrued on such deposits as well as withdrawals in accordance with the scheme shall be exempt from tax.

Another pet project of the Prime Minister, Swachh Bharat, got its mention in the budget.  Any donations made to Swachh Bharat Mission as well as Clean Ganga fund shall be eligible for 100% deduction.  This is applicable retrospectively from 1^st April 2014. 

There is some reference to flexibility for employees to choose between employee provident fund and national pension scheme and exemption from contribution to EPF for employees below a certain threshold of monthly income.  However, there is not much clarity at this point of time on how this will be implemented and administered.

Bachhat’s take

Overall, things change a little for individual taxpayers in this budget.  There shall be lesser savings on account of rise in overall expenditures by way of excise and service tax hikes, but additional deductions can be claimed on account of certain expenses like health related and investments like NPS and Sukanya Samriddhi.  There is no change in slab rates, basic exemption limits, and capital gain tax.  From personal finance point of view, no need to review your existing investments and no game changer.  But hey, it was not expected to be!!!

Do pour in your comments on the budget.

Updated for DDT on debt funds and EPF / NPS portability.

Opt for Basic Services Demat Account

Most of us have one or multiple demat accounts where the investments (stocks and mutual fund units in this case) are held.  The charges for demat account varies across players but generally are upwards of Rs. 400 per annum.  For eg: ICICI Securities charges Rs. 500 per annum for a demat account.

However what many of us are not aware about is in case the holding in our demat account is not significant, we can opt to switch to Basic Services Demat Account (BSDA) where charges are capped at Rs 100 per annum. 

Though Rs. 400 per annum of savings may not be a significant amount, the objective here to use the low cost facility available without compromising on the features and benefits.  In this post, we shall delve into features about BSDA and who can open it.

Who can have BSDA?

Sebi vide its circular dated August 27, 2012 mandated depositories to provide an option from October 1, 2012 to all retail individual investors to open BSDA.  Thus this is an old concept but not many are aware about it since it has not been publicised by depositories for obvious reasons.  An individual can have one BSDA account across all depositories.  Such individual should be a sole or first account holder and the demat account can be treated as BSDA if the total value of the securities held in such account does not exceeds Rs 2,00,000 at any point of time.

For eg: If you are having two demat accounts, say one with ICICI Securities and another with HDFC Securities, only one out of the it can be BSDA provided the value of securities in such demat account does not exceeds Rs. 2,00,000.

Similarly if in one demat account you are the sole holder and in the other you are not the first holder, then the demat account where you are the sole holder is only eligible for BSDA, again provided the value of the securities does not exceeds Rs 2,00,000.  However the other demat account can be eligible for BSDA for the first holder of that account.

Charges

The charge for BSDA depends on value of securities in the demat account.  If the value of securities does not exceeds Rs. 50,000, then there is no annual maintenance charge.  In case the value of securities is between Rs. 50,001 to Rs. 2,00,000, then the maximum amount the depository can charge is Rs. 100.  If the value of securities in a BSDA account exceeds the above limit on any day during the tenure, then it ceases to be BSDA account and charges applicable to regular accounts shall apply from that date onwards.

How is value of securities determined?

Value of securities is determined based on the market value of securities held in the account. In case of unlisted securities, face value shall be taken into account.  In case of mutual fund units held in demat account, daily NAV shall be used to determine the value.  Such value should not exceed Rs. 2,00,000 to qualify for BSDA.

How to open BSDA account?

An individual can choose for BSDA account at the time of opening a demat account.  In case one already has a demat account, there is an option to convert the same into BSDA account at the end of the billing cycle provided the value of securities in demat account does not exceeds Rs. 2,00,000.  Infact your depository shall provide you the option to convert your account into BSDA before commencement of next billing cycle based on the value of your holdings.

Other features of BSDA account

• An individual shall receive transaction statement at the end of each quarter provided there are transactions during the period. 
• An annual physical statement of holding shall be sent at the end of the year.
• Electronic statements shall be provided free of cost.
• In case of physical statements, the depository shall provide at least two statements free of cost during the billing cycle. Additional physical statement may be charged at a fee not exceeding Rs.25/- per statement.
• SMS facilities for transaction alert is provided without any additional cost.
• Minimum two delivery instruction slips shall be issued at the time of opening BSDA.

Bachhat’s take

While the monetary benefit is not significant in absolute term, it is always preferable to have services with minimal cost and one can opt for BSDA if the holding does not exceeds Rs. 2,00,000.  Further in case of a family having multiple demat accounts, each account is eligible for BSDA if the accounts are in the name of different family members.

Where you aware about BSDA?  Will you opt for or have opted for BSDA?  Do share your thoughts and comments in the comment section below.

National Housing Board Tax Free Bonds – March 7, 2014 to March 18, 2014

NHB has joined the bandwagon with its tax free bonds.  The issue is open for subscription till March 18, 2014 with best available interest rates amongst other live issues.  While IRFC is facing problem with attracting investors forcing it to extent the closing date to March 14, 2014, NHB is providing short window of 12 days for subscription.

Key Features of Bond Issue:

For other details about the issue as well as risk factors, kindly go through the Prospectus before investing.

Comparison

Out of all the current bond issues live for subscription, NHB provides the best interest rates and hence should be the first choice of investment for individuals looking for investment in tax free bonds.  However, one should invest immediately and should not wait till the closing date since the issue is on first cum first serve basis and the issue size is small.

IIFCL and Ennore Port Limited Tax Free Bond Issue - Comparison

Alongwith IREDA tax free bonds, IIFCL’s and Ennore Port Limited’s (EPL) tax free bond issue is also open for subscription this week.  While IIFCL issue opens on 17^th Feb 2014, EPL issue is schedule to open on 18^th Feb 2014.  Including IREDA, investors have 3 options to invest in tax free bond issues giving attractive interest rates.

Read about IREDA Tax Free Bond Issue here

Key Features of Bond Issues:

	IIFCL	EPL
Issue Size	Rs. 750 crores with option to retain oversubscription till Rs. 2,823 crores	Rs. 250 crores with option to retain oversubscription till Rs. 500 crores
Issue open & close date	17th Feb 2014 and 14th Mar 2014.  Allotment on first come first serve basis.	18th Feb 2014 and 14th Mar 2014.  Allotment on first come first serve basis.
Minimum investment	5 bonds of Rs. 1,000 FV (i.e. Rs. 5,000)
Secured	Yes. Ranked paripassu with the claims of other secured creditors.
Listed on	BSE
Mode of Allotment	Demat as well as Physical.  However, trading can take place in demat form only.
Credit Rating	Care AAA by Care (indicating lowest credit risk and highest safety)	Care AA by Care (indicating low credit risk and high safety)
Interest Payment	Annual

Issue structure and interest rates for retail investors:

Tenor (in years)	Series	Coupon Rate (%) p.a.
		IIFCL	EPL
10	Series 1B	8.41%	8.61%
15	Series 2B	8.80%	9.00%
20	Series 3B	8.80%	9.00%

For other details about the issue as well as risk factors, kindly go through the prospectus of IIFCL and EPL before investing.

Read about who should invest in tax free bonds here.

Comparison between IREDA, IIFCL and EPL

EPL provides slightly higher interest rates as compared to both IREDA and IIFCL which offers same interest rates.  However, the credit rating of EPL is lower than IREDA and IIFCL.  Further EPL’s issue is smaller in size as compared to other two.  Since 20 basis point additional interest for 15 years and 20 years tenure do not make any significant difference to the overall returns, it is advisable to stick to more secured issues of IREDA and IIFCL.

IREDA Tax Free Bonds Issue - 17th Feb 2014 to 10th March 2014

Post rate hike by RBI on 28th Jan, 2014, IREDA (which stands for Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited) is the first company to come out with the tax free bond issue at an attractive interest rates.  In this post, we shall highlight key features of the bond issue:

Key Features of Bond Issue:

Issue Size	Total Rs. 1,000 crore including green shoe option
Issue open & close date	17th Feb 2014 and 10th Mar 2014.  Allotment on first come first serve basis.
Minimum investment	5 bonds of Rs. 1,000 FV (i.e. Rs. 5,000)
Secured	Yes. MNRE (which is Ministry of New and Renewable Energy) has given letter of comfort on behalf of IREDA for its payment obligations w.r.t. tax free bonds
Listed on	NSE and BSE
Mode of Allotment	Demat as well as Physical.  However, trading can take place in demat form only.
Credit Rating	Care AAA by Care (indicating lowest credit risk and highest safety)
Interest Payment	Annual

Issue structure and interest rates for retail investors:

Tranche – I SERIES	Coupon Rate (%) p.a.	Tenor (in years)
Series IB	8.41%	10
Series IIB	8.80%	15
Series IIIB	8.80%	20

For other details about the issue as well as risk factors, kindly go through the Prospectus before investing.  And do not forget to read who should invest in tax free bonds before investing in IREDA tax free bond issue.

Debt Mutual Funds and Tax Implications – Recent changes in tax rates

Earlier Bachhat had written about how one can use ultra-short term debt funds to maximize post tax returns.  The article spoke about investing in dividend reinvestment plan of such funds, since dividend are effectively taxed at lower rate than short term capital gain rates and hence such funds are tax effective.

The tax rates on debt mutual funds were revised earlier during this year and hence the said article is not relevant in the current scenario.  Based on the revised tax rates, we have tried to analyse and tabulate which type of option (growth or dividend) should be chosen for investment in debt mutual funds.

Revised tax rates on debt fund

For an individual investor, short term capital gains in a debt mutual fund is taxable at tax slab under which such individual falls.  Long term capital gains are taxable @ 20% with indexation benefit and 10% without indexation benefit.  Surcharge @ 10% for taxable income of more than Rs. 1 crore and cess @ 4% shall apply additionally.

For dividend distributed, dividend distribution tax is applicable.  Earlier there was difference in dividend distribution tax rates between liquid / money market funds and other debt funds.  Now this difference has been eliminated and now dividend distribution tax on all debt funds shall be 25% (effective tax rate of 28.325% including surcharge and cess).

Growth or Dividend Option

One can maximize his returns from debt funds by choosing the correct option which has least tax implication.  Things to be considered before choosing a plan are:

1. Time period for investment
2. Tax bracket under which an individual falls
3. Need for regular income

Based on the above three criteria, the best option to choose from is as below:

When regular income is required

Since dividend distribution tax rate (28.325%) is higher than the effective tax rate for investors falling under 10% or 20% tax slab, it is beneficial for them to opt for growth option in case they are looking for investment horizon of less than 1 year and choose systematic withdrawal plan wherein a fixed amount shall be redeemed and paid to the investor at periodic interval.  SWP shall provide source of regular income to them.  However before opting for SWP under growth option, one needs to check out for exit load and commence SWP only after the exit load period. 

For individuals falling under 30% tax slab and in need of regular income, the tax benefit between dividend and growth option is minimal with dividend option slightly beneficial than the growth option.

For investment horizon of more than 1 year, it is beneficial for all investors looking for regular income to choose systematic withdrawal plan under the growth option.

When regular income is not required

For investors not looking for regular income, growth option is best irrespective of investment horizon.  However, there can be marginal tax benefit for investors falling under 30% tax slab by choosing dividend reinvestment option for investment horizon of less than 1 year.

Bachhat’s take

By increasing the dividend distribution tax rate, the tax advantage of dividend option which was available till late year has been eliminated, save for investors falling under 30% tax slab.  If an investor decides to invest in a debt mutual fund, he needs to take into consideration above aspects to increase his post-tax returns.  However one needs to keep in mind that the above analysis is relevant only till the tax rates are kept constant.  In case of any revision in tax rates (which may happen at the earliest in 2014 budget), the above may not hold true. 

Mutual Fund Tax Ready Reckoner for year 2013-2014

Continuing the initiative taken last year to provide a one stop solutions for tax implications on mutual fund investments, Bachhat has updated its mutual fund tax ready reckoner for the year 2013-2014.  

As you all are aware, mutual fund investors need to take into account plethora of tax rates to understand post tax returns.  Bachhat's mutual fund tax ready reckoner is an attempt to simplify and help mutual fund investors to determine the tax impact on their mutual fund investments.

You can view the ready reckoner by clicking on this link.  The link also provide rates for the last financial year (i.e. 2012-2013).

Change in interest rates of PPF and other small savings schemes

Finance ministry has announced revised interest rates on public provident fund, national savings certificates and other small savings schemes.  These interest rates shall be applicable for financial year 2013-2014.  As we had noted earlier, interest rates of such schemes are now linked to market yields on government securities of comparable maturities and shall be revised every financial year.

Overall there has been a reduction in interest rates by 10 basis points (100 basis points is 1 percentage point) for all savings schemes except for saving deposits on which interest rates continues to be 4% and 1 year time deposits (8.2%).  Interest rates on PPF from April 2013 shall be 8.7% p.a. as against 8.8% p.a. earlier.

The table below summarizes the changes in interest rates:

Scheme	Existing interest rate	Interest rate w.e.f 1st April 2013
Savings Deposits	4.0	4.0
1 Year Time Deposit	8.2	8.2
2 Year Time Deposit	8.3	8.2
3 Year Time Deposit	8.4	8.3
5 Year Time Deposit	8.5	8.4
5 Year Recurring Deposit	8.4	8.3
5 Year SCSS	9.3	9.2
5 Year MIS	8.5	8.4
5 Year NSC	8.6	8.5
10 Year NSC	8.9	8.8
PPF	8.8	8.7

Overall there has been negligible change in the interest rates as compared to 2012-13.